03111cam a22004095i 4500999001700000001001000017003000900027005001700036008004100053020001800094035001800112040005300130082002300183100003100206245012000237250002000357264007200377264001000449300004500459336002600504337002800530338002700558490007100585500002500656504004100681520141900722650007702141650009802218650009002316653002702406655001702433700003102450700002902481700003002510942001202540952014902552  c27909d27880017771992EG-ScBUE20191210133941.0150311t20142014caua   f b    000 0deng d  a9781627050135  a(UkCU)6103054  aUWWbengerdacUWWdOCLCOdOCLCQdUkCUdEG-ScBUE04a428.00785bLEA22210aLeacock, Claudia,eauthor.10aAutomated grammatical error detection for language learners /cClaudia Leacock, CTB McGraw-Hill [and three others].  aSecond edition. 1a[San Rafael, California] :bMorgan and Claypool Publishers,c[2014] 4cc2014  axv, 154 pages :billustrations ;c24 cm.  atextbtxt2rdacontent  aunmediatedbn2rdamedia  avolumebnc2rdacarrier0 aSynthesis lectures on human language technologies,x19474040 ;v25  aIncludes appendices.  aIncludes bibliographical references.  aIt has been estimated that over a billion people are using or learning English as a second or foreign language, and the numbers are growing not only for English but for other languages as well. These language learners provide a burgeoning market for tools that help identify and correct learners' writing errors. Unfortunately, the errors targeted by typical commercial proofreading tools do not include those aspects of a second language that are hardest to learn. This volume describes the types of constructions English language learners find most difficult - constructions containing prepositions, articles, and collocations. It provides an overview of the automated approaches that have been developed to identify and correct these and other classes of learner errors in a number of languages. Error annotation and system evaluation are particularly important topics in grammatical error detection because there are no commonly accepted standards. Chapters in the book describe the options available to researchers, recommend best practices for reporting results, and present annotation and evaluation schemes. The final chapters explore recent innovative work that opens new directions for research. It is the authors' hope that this volume will contribute to the growing interest in grammatical error detection by encouraging researchers to take a closer look at the field and its many challenging problems. 7aEnglish languagexErrors of usagexComputer-assisted instruction.2BUEsh 7aEnglish languagexStudy and teachingxForeign speakersxComputer-assisted instruction.2BUEsh 7aEnglish languagexGrammarxComputer-assisted instruction for foreign speakers.2BUEsh  bHHUUEENNcNovember2019  vReading book1 aChodorow, Martin,eauthor.1 aGamon, Michael,eauthor.1 aTetreault, Joel,eauthor.  2ddccBB  00102ddc40708BaccahaMAINbMAINcLOWd2019-11-27ePurchaseg425.00l0o428.00785 LEAp000048386r2025-07-15 00:00:00v531.25w2019-11-27yBB